Dry wet blast media blasting system

ABSTRACT

A wet dry blast system comprising having a source of pressurized air for providing a pressurized air flow, a source of pressurized water for providing a pressurized water flow, and an abrasive media source to provide an abrasive media flow. There is an abrasive release conduit for receiving the abrasive media flow, and an abrasive release orifice configured for directing the abrasive media flow along a desired or targeted portion of the abrasive release conduit.

STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT

Not Applicable.

BACKGROUND Field of the Invention

The invention is related to media blasting systems and is specifically directed to wet media blasters.

Discussion of the Prior Art

Traditional media blasting systems use dry blast media which stored in a bulk tank or pot with an outlet for introducing the media into a media control or metering valve. The metering valve is also connected to a source of pressurized air whereby blast media is mixed into the air stream. The blast media and air stream mix is propelled through a nozzle and directed to a work surface. Systems of this design are well known and widely available. One such source of traditional dry media blasting systems is Axxiom Manufacturing, Inc. of Fresno, Tex., which offers the Schmidt brand blasting equipment.

Dry media blasting systems have proven to be very effective in media blast operations and have been in operation for over 100 years. However, such systems do release the blast media or dust into the surrounding area during operation. This is not an issue in some applications but there are many circumstances where dust containment or suppression is desirable or required.

Wet media blasters have been created to minimize the generation of airborne dust particles in blasting operations. In a broad sense, such systems are basically units that combine water and abrasive and release the combination into a stream of pressurize air through a nozzle, whereby the solution can be blasted at a work surface under high pressure. When water is mixed in with the abrasive, the dust in contained in water droplets and does not become airborne but is collected at the base of the surface being blasted. In industrial applications, there are two types of wet media blasting systems.

In the first, water is mixed in with the media in the media storage tank. The mixture of media and water is then released, i.e., injected, into a pressurized air flow and directed to a release nozzle. In the second, the abrasive and air are mixed upstream of a water injection system located at the inlet port of the release nozzle. Water is injected into the abrasive/air mix just as the abrasive/air mix enters the release nozzle. Both systems are effective in reducing the presence of airborne dust during operation. However, there is a need for a system which more evenly mixes the abrasive/air/water mixture to improve blasting results and reduce the amount of water required to achieve the correct mix.

SUMMARY

The subject invention is directed to a wet media blasting system with a unique water injection system that provides more uniform distribution of the water, air and media components for achieving better application of the mixture while minimizing the amount of water required to contain and minimize or eliminate airborne particulate matter such as dust produced during the blasting operation. Also, by more thoroughly mixing the water into the abrasive/water mix, the amount of water required is reduced.

In accordance with the subject invention, the abrasive feed is placed and shaped to optimize spray coverage and minimize abrasive flow into injection space thus mitigating water nozzle clogs. The abrasive flow is shaped as it is released from the metering valve in order to tighten the abrasive flow before it enters into the blast air stream. The shaped and tightened abrasive flow is maintained at the lower portion of the blast air stream. This positions the abrasive flow in optimum placement for spray wetting the abrasive as it flows into and through the water injection conduit. This also mitigates nozzle clogging by directing most of the abrasive flow away from the water spray nozzle port.

Water injection shape, radial orientation, and longitudinal angle of water injection optimize wetting of the abrasive, lowers pressure drop, and mitigates clogging. The water spray is placed downstream of but in close proximity to the abrasive-air mixing point. This permits easier wetting of abrasive before full velocity is achieved. The water spray nozzle is placed inside a port or conduit that intersects the water injection conduit at an oblique angle rather directly perpendicular to the abrasive flow. The water spray angle follows general direction of blast air flow for efficiency.

The angle spray port is smaller in diameter than the blast air conduit in order to use the flow to keep the abrasive from contacting the spray nozzle. The blast air flow keeps the grit and dust away from the nozzle, minimizing or even eliminating the tendency to clog the spray nozzle. The spray nozzle is placed sufficiently within the spray port to further decrease the likelihood of abrasive contact with the water spray nozzle. The radial orientation of the water spray nozzle relative to the abrasive feed orientation allows optimum effectiveness for wetting the abrasive. Two additional unique features of the invention are the development of a new water injection delivery system and a control system that permit better control of the air/water mix during operation. In the subject invention, the water pressure can be regulated, as well as the air pressure. This assures that the differential pressure between air pressure and water pressure can be accurately monitored and controlled. One advantage of this system is the ability to perform four separate operations using the same delivery and mix system and the same release nozzle. The customary wet blast operation can be performed using the air/media/water mixed controlled to the desired combination and pressure. Where desired, the media flow may be cut off, permitting a media free water rinse. In addition, the water may also be cut off, permitting the use of the pressurized air flow to function as a dryer. The system may also be used in the standard dry blast mode by shutting off the water shower.

The water injection system is unique and novel in that instead of providing uniform media flow past the injector, the media flow is partially deflected away from the water outlet, permitting the water to flow into and more fully saturate the water injection conduit. This promotes more uniform mixing of the media and water and has the added advantage of creating a space between the water injector nozzle and the dry media, reducing the tendency to clog the nozzle, particularly at low pressure operation when the media can back flow toward the water injector nozzle. Specifically, a media release orifice plate is provided at the junction between the metering valve and the main air flow line for directing the media flow away from the water injector nozzle. This keeps the nozzle from being clogged and provides more clear space in the injector unit for better distribution of the water.

The water injection conduit feature prevents gravity backflow to abrasive feed port. The taper internal diameter or the step up internal diameter are placed upstream of the water injection point and downstream of the abrasive feed port. Specifically, the ID of the abrasive release conduit where the abrasive is fed is smaller than the ID of the water injection conduit where the water is injected. The enlarged ID is then maintained downstream through the blast hose. This prevents residual water from flowing upstream to where the abrasive is introduced into the blast air stream which would eventually wet and stop the abrasive flow altogether. A differential pressure gage is positioned between water pressure and blast air pressure to indicate, quantify, and control water flow.

The ability to have consistent, adjustable, and repeatable water flow control with a simple operation is a significant advantage over prior art systems. In the exemplary embodiment, the differential pressure indicator is positioned to measure the difference between the water pressure and blast air pressure. Since water injection cannot be achieved unless the water pressure is greater than the blast air pressure. Typically, the spray nozzle is a fixed orifice, water flow rate is proportional to how much the water pressure is greater than the blast air pressure. This differential pressure gage reading provides the operator with a visual indication of water volume flow rate. In addition, a water pressure regulator is provided for permitting the operator to adjust the water pressure. The pressure differential indicator and the water pressure regulator, in combination, provide the operator with the means to consistently and repeatedly control the water flow rate. Manually variable water flow is important because each operator will adjust the water flow according to the abrasive type, abrasive size, abrasive flow rate, dust content, and blast pressure.

An additional feature of the invention is the inclusion of a washdown circuit. After wet blasting, the surface is usually left with residual abrasive. This requires a rinse to wash the abrasive off the surface. The water flow rate for washdown is significantly higher than the water flow rate during blasting which is usually for dust control.

Another additional feature may be a blowoff using compressed air to blow dry and ready the blasted surface for painting. This feature basically allows two setting of air pressure. One is for blasting which is generally greater than 80 psig. The washdown and blowoff would be at a much lower air pressure approximately 35 psig. This is achieved by allowing the operator to quickly select either pressure setting. If the water pressure regulator setting the same, significantly lowering the regulated air pressure will concurrently increase the water flow rate; thereby quickly creating a washdown mode. If the water flow is shutoff, this creates a lower pressure blowoff mode also. The washdown/blowoff circuit consists of two pilot air regulators and a slave regulator. A high-pressure blast pilot regulator and a washdown/blowoff pilot regulator are each ported to the much large and higher flow slave regulator. A three-way valve is placed between the two pilot regulators and slave regulator to allow the operator to manually select which pilot regulator controls the slave regulator.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 a longitudinal sectional view of the air supply line, media control gate mounted on a typical media control valve, the water injector, and the release nozzle according to embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 2 shows an enlarged, partial sectional view looking in the same direction as FIG. 1 , with a stepped-up diameter flow chamber in the release nozzle according to embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 3 shows a similar view to FIG. 2 with a tapered transition expanding diameter flow chamber in the release nozzle according to embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 4 shows a longitudinal sectional view showing a typical metering valve, the abrasive control gate, the abrasive storage tank and the water injector. Air flow is perpendicular to the drawing surface according to embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 5 shows an enlarged partial view of FIG. 4 and shows the abrasive flow placement and water injection features of the invention according to embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 6 shows a circuit diagram for controlling the flow of abrasive, air and water in the system according to embodiments of the disclosure; and

FIG. 7 shows a similar view to FIG. 6 with the addition of a washdown circuit and a blowdown circuit according to embodiments of the disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Referring first to FIG. 1 , the delivery system for the media/air/water mix assembly includes a typical abrasive metering valve 10, a tank or pot 11 for storing the abrasive, a media release orifice 12 in media release conduit 14, a source of pressurized air 16 connected to the media release conduit 14 and a water source 31 in communication with a typical media nozzle 34. In the exemplary embodiment, the media release conduit 14, water injection conduit 24 and the media nozzle 34 are separate units coupled together on a common center line. This specific configuration is a matter of choice well within the purview of those skilled in the art. The essential novel elements are the location of the abrasive release orifice 12 downstream of the air source 16 and the location of the water injection nozzle 18.

An important feature of the invention is the media release orifice 12, which is substantially upstream of the water spray. In addition, the media release orifice 12 is configured and shaped to direct released media along the bottom surface 28 of the flow conduit(s) 14, 24 and 20. The half circle configuration has been shown to work well in practice, but other shapes and configurations could be utilized based on application and operator choice. This abrasive release system directs the abrasive stream to the bottom wall 28 of the flow conduit(s) and provide a relatively clear air flow above the abrasive as shown at 30. As flow continues the abrasive expands to fill the conduit(s) as depicted at 32, upstream of the blast nozzle 34.

An enlarged, partial view of the conduit system is shown in FIG. 2 and in FIG. 3 . The only distinction between these views is that the water injection conduit 24 of FIG. 2 is of constant diameter 42, whereas the water injection conduit 24 of FIG. 3 is of increasing diameter, as shown as 45 and 46. The difference in these two configurations is for the purpose of showing two ways of preventing gravity backflow. FIG. 2 uses as step up, immediate transition between ID 42 and 43. FIG. 3 shows a tapered transition between the two IDs 46 and 45.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view looking in the direction of arrow 50 in FIGS. 2 and 3 . The media stored in the tank 11 is released through the outlet opening 17 of the media metering valve 10, in well-known manner. The position of the plunger 15 in the media metering valve 10 controls the size of the outlet opening 17. The media then flows through the media release orifice 12 created by presence of media release orifice plate 13. The media release orifice plate 13 is secured to the outlet end of the media metering valve. The media release orifice 12 is shaped such that the media flow is directed downward toward the bottom of the flow conduits, leaving an air gap along the top of the conduits, as previously stated, and as clearly shown at 30 in FIG. 1 .

Specifically, the media release orifice 12 is shaped and positioned to optimize water spray coverage and minimize abrasive flow into the injection space thus mitigating water nozzle clogs. This controls the shape and location of the abrasive flow as it is released from the media metering valve in order to tighten the abrasive flow before it enters into the blast air stream. The shaped and tightened abrasive flow is maintained at the lower portion of the blast air stream. This positions the abrasive flow in optimum placement for spray wetting the abrasive as it flows into and through the conduit section housing the water release nozzle 18. This also mitigates nozzle clogging by directing most of the abrasive flow stream away from the water spray nozzle port 21, more clearly shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 .

As best shown in FIG. 4 , the water injection system is unique and novel in that instead of providing uniform media flow past the water injector, the media flow is partially deflected away from the water outlet, permitting the water to flow into and more fully saturate the flow conduit. This promotes more uniform mixing of the media and water and has the added advantage of creating a space between the water injector nozzle 18 and the dry media, reducing the tendency to clog the injection nozzle, particularly at low pressure operation when the media can back flow toward the water injector nozzle. The media release orifice plate 13 is provided below the media metering valve 10 and above the bottom surface of flow conduits 28 for directing the media stream away from the water injector nozzle. This keeps the nozzle from being clogged and provides more clear space in the injector unit for better distribution of the water.

The water spray chamber 21 is positioned out of the main flow stream, see FIGS. 2 and 3 . The water spray port or chamber is placed such to keep it out of the main flow stream and angled to use the air flow inertia to keep abrasive and dust away from the injection or spray nozzle. This feature prevents gravity backflow to media release conduit. The taper internal diameter and the step down internal diameter are both placed upstream of the water injection point and downstream of the media release conduit. Specifically, the ID of the media release conduit where the abrasive is fed is smaller than the ID of the water injection conduit where the water is injected. The enlarged ID is then maintained downstream through the blast hose 20. This prevents residual water from flowing upstream or gravity back flow to where the abrasive is introduced into the blast air stream which would eventually wet and stop the abrasive flow altogether. The difference in ID, whether tapered or stepped, are the features that prevent gravity back flow of water that may accumulate in the injection area.

The water spray nozzle 18 is placed inside a port or conduit 21 that intersects the water injection conduit at an oblique angle rather directly perpendicular to the abrasive flow. The water spray angle follows general direction of blast air flow for efficiency. A forty-five degree angle has been found to operate at optimum efficiency. However, the specific angle used is a matter of choice depending of operation and application. The angle spray port 21 is smaller in diameter than the water injection conduit 24 in order to use the main air stream flow momentum to keep the abrasive from contacting the spray nozzle. The blast air flow directs the grit and dust away from the spray nozzle, minimizing or even eliminating clogs. As best shown in FIG. 5 , the spray nozzle is placed sufficiently within the spray port to further decrease the likelihood of abrasive contact with the water spray nozzle. The radial orientation of the water spray nozzle relative to the abrasive feed orientation allows optimum effectiveness for wetting the abrasive.

As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 , two additional unique features of the invention are the development of a new water injection delivery system and a control system that permit better control of the air/water mix during operation. In the subject invention, the water pressure can be regulated, as well as the air pressure. This assures that the differential pressure between air pressure and water pressure can be accurately monitored and controlled. Because the water spray nozzle is a fixed opening, the operator can adjust either air or water pressure to increase or decrease the differential pressure between the two. This provides consistent and repeatable water flow control.

One advantage of this system is the ability to perform four separate operations using the same delivery and mix system and the same release nozzle. The customary wet blast operation can be performed using the air/media/water mixed controlled to the desired combination and pressure. Where desired, the media flow may be cut off, permitting a media free water rinse. In addition, the water may also be cut off, permitting the use of the pressurized air flow to function as a dryer. Further the system can be used in a standard dry blast mode.

The water injection system is unique and novel in that instead of providing uniform media flow past the injector, the media flow is partially deflected away from the water outlet, permitting the water to flow into and more fully saturate the water injection conduit. This promotes more uniform mixing of the media and water and has the added advantage of creating a space between the water injector nozzle and the dry media, reducing the tendency to clog the nozzle, particularly at low pressure operation when the media can back flow toward the water injector nozzle. Specifically, a media release orifice is provided below the metering valve and above the main air stream for directing the media stream away from the water injector nozzle. This keeps the nozzle from being clogged and provides more clear space in the injector unit for better distribution of the water.

The water spray chamber is for preventing abrasives within the flow stream from contacting the spray nozzle. The tapered or stepped ID feature are for preventing gravity backflow from accumulation of residual water in the spray area or water injection conduit. The taper internal diameter and the step down internal diameter are both placed upstream of the water injection point and downstream of the abrasive feed port. Specifically, the ID of the blast media release conduit where the abrasive is fed is smaller than the ID of the water injection conduit where the water is injected. The enlarged ID is then maintained downstream through the blast hose. This prevents residual water from flowing upstream to where the abrasive is introduced into the blast air stream which would eventually wet and stop the abrasive flow altogether.

A differential pressure gage is positioned between water pressure and blast air pressure to visually indicate, quantify, and control water injection flow rate. The ability to have consistent, adjustable, and repeatable water flow control with a simple operation is a significant advantage over prior art dry blast based systems. In the exemplary embodiment, the differential pressure indicator is positioned to measure the difference between the water pressure and blast air pressure. Since water injection cannot be achieved unless the water pressure is greater than the blast air pressure. Typically, the spray nozzle is a fixed orifice, water flow rate is proportional to how much the water pressure is greater than the blast air pressure.

This differential pressure gage reading provides the operator with a visual indication of volume flow rate. In addition, a water pressure regulator is provided for permitting the operator to adjust the water pressure. The pressure differential indicator and the water pressure regulator, in combination, provide the operator with the means to consistently and repeatedly control the water flow rate. Manually variable water flow is important because each operator will adjust the water flow according to the abrasive type, abrasive size, abrasive flow rate, dust content, blast pressure, and surface to be blasted.

An additional feature of the invention is the inclusion of a washdown circuit. After wet blasting, the surface is usually left with residual abrasive. This requires a rinse to wash the abrasive off the surface. The water flow rate for washdown is significantly higher than the water flow rate during blasting which is usually for dust control.

An additional feature may be a blowoff using compressed air to blow dry and ready the blasted surface for painting. This feature basically allows two settings of air pressure. One is for blasting which is generally greater than 80 psig. The washdown and blowoff would be at a much lower air pressure approximately 35 psig. This is achieved by allowing the operator to quickly select either pressure setting. If the water pressure regulator setting is the same, significantly lowering the regulated air pressure will concurrently increase the water flow rate; thereby quickly creating a washdown mode.

If the water flow is shutoff, this creates a lower pressure blowoff mode also. The washdown/blowoff circuit consists of two pilot air regulators and a slave regulator. A high-pressure blast pilot regulator and a washdown/blowoff pilot regulator are each ported to the much larger and higher flow slave regulator. A three-way valve is placed between the two pilot regulators and slave regulator to allow the operator to manually select which pilot regulator controls the slave regulator.

While certain features and embodiments have been explained in detail herein, it should be understood that the invention encompasses all modifications and enhancements in accordance with the following claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A wet dry blast system comprising: a source of pressurized air for providing a pressurized air flow; a source of pressurized water for providing a pressurized water flow; an abrasive media source to provide an abrasive media flow; an abrasive release conduit for receiving the abrasive media flow; an abrasive release orifice [i.e., restrictor] configured for directing the abrasive media flow along a lower portion of the abrasive release conduit; a water injection conduit downstream of the abrasive release conduit, and in fluid communication therewith, the water injection conduit configured to receive at least one of the pressurized air flow, the pressurized water flow, the abrasive media flow, and combinations thereof, to form a media mix therein; a blast hose configured to convey the media mix received from the water injection conduit; and a blast nozzle coupled with the blast hose, and configured to release and deliver the media mix from the blast hose to a work surface.
 2. The wet dry blast system of claim 1, the system further comprising: a water inlet chamber which is positioned outside of the water injection conduit and in communication therewith; and a water release nozzle in the water inlet chamber, whereby the water release nozzle is spaced from and does not come in direct contact with an interior of the water injection conduit.
 3. The wet dry blast system of claim 1, the system further comprising an air injector conduit coupled between the source of pressurized air and the abrasive release conduit.
 4. The wet dry blast system of claim 1, wherein the water inlet chamber is oriented on an oblique angle relative to the water injection conduit, and wherein a water release end of the inlet chamber is directed toward the downstream flow of the water injection conduit.
 5. The wet dry blast system of claim 2, wherein an interior cross-sectional area of the water injection conduit has a larger interior diameter at water release nozzle end and a smaller interior diameter at an air flow injection end.
 6. The wet dry blast system of claim 5, wherein the different interior diameters are generated by one of: step components; or a gradual slope on the interior wall of the conduit.
 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the interior diameter of the water release conduit at the release point of water delivery is larger than the interior diameter of an upstream portion of the water release conduit.
 8. The wet dry blast system of claim 2, wherein an interior cross-sectional area of the water injection conduit has a larger interior diameter at a downstream end and a smaller interior diameter at an upstream end.
 9. The wet dry blast system of claim 1, the system further comprising a valve system for selectively disabling the source of pressurized water such that a dry mixture of pressurized air and abrasive media is delivered to the blast nozzle.
 10. The wet dry blast system of claim 1, wherein the abrasive media is introduced into an abrasive release conduit downstream of the source of pressurized air and upstream of the source of pressurized water.
 11. An air injection system for a wet dry blast system, comprising: an elongated, substantially cylindrical conduit having one end coupled to an air injector system and the other end coupled to a blast nozzle; the air injector system adapted for supplying pressurized air flow flowing from said one end toward and out the nozzle at said other end; the media delivery system for introducing media into the conduit and into the air flow downstream of said one end; and a water delivery system for introducing water into the air/media mix downstream of the media delivery system for generating a wet media mix for release at the nozzle for providing a wet blasting mix.
 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the media delivery system includes a restrictor for directing the injected media to a predefined area of the conduit to provide more clear space for the injected water permitting the water to flow into and more fully saturate the released water into and more fully saturate the conduit cross-section.
 13. The system of claim 12, wherein there is further comprised: a water inlet chamber which is positioned outside of the conduit and in communication therewith; a water release nozzle in the chamber, whereby the water release nozzle is spaced from and does not come in direct contact with the interior of the conduit; and, optionally, wherein the water inlet chamber is on an oblique angle relative to the conduit with the water release end of the inlet chamber skewed toward the downstream flow of the conduit, minimizing backflow from the conduit flow path into the water release system.
 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the interior cross-sectional area of the conduit has a larger interior diameter at the nozzle end and a smaller interior diameter at the air flow injection end, reducing the likelihood of backflow.
 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the different interior diameters are generated by step components; or wherein the different interior diameters are created by a gradual slope on the interior wall of the conduit.
 16. The system of claim 14, wherein the interior diameter of the conduit at the release point of the water delivery system is larger than the interior diameter of the conduit at the air injector end to further reduce the likelihood of back flow of media into the water delivery system.
 17. A wet dry blast system comprising: a source of pressurized air for providing a pressurized air flow; a source of pressurized water for providing a pressurized water flow; an abrasive media source to provide an abrasive media flow; an abrasive release conduit for receiving the abrasive media flow; an abrasive release orifice configured for directing the abrasive media flow along a targeted portion of the abrasive release conduit; a water injection conduit downstream of the abrasive release conduit, and in fluid communication therewith, the water injection conduit configured to receive at least one of the pressurized air flow, the pressurized water flow, the abrasive media flow, and combinations thereof, to form a media mix therein; a water inlet chamber which is positioned outside of the water injection conduit and in communication therewith; a water release nozzle in the water inlet chamber, whereby the water release nozzle is spaced from and does not come in direct contact with an interior of the water injection conduit; a blast hose configured to convey the media mix received from the water injection conduit; and a blast nozzle coupled with the blast hose, and configured to release and deliver the media mix from the blast hose to a work surface.
 18. The wet dry blast system of claim 17, the system further comprising an air injector conduit coupled between the source of pressurized air and the abrasive release conduit.
 19. The wet dry blast system of claim 18, wherein the water inlet chamber is oriented on an angle relative to the water injection conduit, and wherein a water release end of the inlet chamber is directed toward the downstream flow of the water injection conduit.
 20. The wet dry blast system of claim 19, wherein an interior cross-sectional area of the water injection conduit has a larger interior diameter at water release nozzle end and a smaller interior diameter at an air flow injection end. 